The stable North America reference frame

In 2003, a group of scientists was established to determine the stable North America reference frame (SNARF). They aimed to define a regional reference frame that is consistent and stable at the level of sub-mm yr^-1 across North America (Henton et al., 2006).

Problems in the current reference frames

There are two basic problems in the current reference frames. One is discarding the underlying geophysical processes, especially in the Earth mantle, and the other is instability or evolution of reference frames in time. Both of these problems become crucial when rate of the deformation is very low.